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Copyright 1920 by 
Simplex) Steel, Products ‘Company 


OTIS §E,. FLEMING 
Apprentice. Carpsnter 
Drattsman And Builder 
RMOUGHESTER, ILLINOIS 


The Simplex System 


ot, Partition and 
Ceiling Construction 


The most effective and economical method of constructing 
sound-proof and fire-proof partitions 
and ceilings 


SIMPLEX STEEL PRODUCTS COMPANY 


Manufacturers of Metal Specialties for Buildings 


1146 Roscoe Street Chicago 
) Adjoining the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Switch Track 
\. \ ype Copyright 1920 by 


Simplex Steel Products Company 


eee 
2 THE SIMPLEX SSYSTEM)OF 


Salon rn 
a . 


es 


S 


SHERIDAN-PLAZA HorTec aA oi kee i ‘ f WALTER W. AHLSCHLAGER 
CHICAGO Simplex Partitions and Ceilings Used Throughou ARCHITECT 


he SIMPLEX SYSTEM 


PARTITION AND CEILING CONSTRUCTION 3 


Exclusive Features of the Simplex System 


HE Simplex System is a patented method of erecting [iii 

fire and sound-proof ceilings and non-bearing partitions 
by the use of plaster board and steel studs. All architects 
and contractors are more or less familiar with the general 
€atures and advantages of this type of construction. The 
Outstanding features of the Simplex System, which make it 
vastly superior to any other method, are the design of the studs 
and, more particularly, the method of pinning the plaster S>S>- => 
boards in place. HOLLOW PARTITION STUD 
Steel Studs Form Framework. The 22 and 24 gauge sheet 
steel studs —the foundation or framework upon which the ae 
partitions and ceilings are constructed —are designed to give : 
the greatest strength and to offer the many strong plaster keys STE ARG ONL Tn munne 
necessary to knit a firm surface and still remain deeply im- etal 
bedded in the plaster. To meet the requirements of the most 
approved construction methods, special studs have been de- 
signed for ceilings, solid and hollow partitions, corners, and | INTERSECTING AND CORNER 
intersecting walls. These studs are made on flat die machines shines aubatoooaRShU ate tees ata bene 
to insure perfectly straight, true forms. 


A Stud Style for Every Use. The diagrams of these various 
studs readily demonstrate how perfectly each type is designed CORNER STUD FOR HOLLOW 
to meet the demands made upon it. The hollow partition | poet ecienenate eens 

stud has a flat shoulder 144"’ wide which bears snugly against 
the plaster board, allowing a maximum air space between 


SIMP 


the wall faces. The solid partition stud, where thinness is 
not so essential, is finished with a double-V construction to _« 
give it exceptional strength and rigidity. The corner and | THE TIE 


99 
intersecting studs each accomplish what heretofore has neces-__ | THAT BINDS 
sitated two or more studs and give, moreover, a much more | ; 

solid construction. This is due to observing correct prin- 
ciples and providing strong binding plaster keys. The floor 
plate is used to anchor the studs to the floor and also to the 
ceiling if desired. 


phic Ive. hat Binds. ~ The lie. That. Binds is another 
special feature of the Simplex System. This is the die cut 
tongue every 3 inches along the stud, which is bent out from 
the stud and then back to tie with a strong tension around a 
pin binding the plaster boards securely in place. This method 
of pinning, or tying, automatically adjusts itself to any vari- 
ations in the thickness of the plaster boards and leaves a 
minimum of metal —a bare 14 inch —protruding above the 
surface at six-inch intervals to be covered over with plaster. 
As the tongue is bent up, it leaves a 144" by 34” slot for a 
plaster key. Studs are made and shipped with these tongues 
protruding slightly above the surface. 


The Tying Tool. A tying tool is used for clinching the tongue 
—"“The Tie That Binds’—over the pin and completes the 
operation in a fraction of a second. A claw slips through 
the slot and over the end of the die cut tongue. A downward 
motion bends this tongue out at right angles. A pin is slipped 
behind it and a reverse motion of the pinning tool laps the PHANTOM VIEW OF 
tongue securely over the pin, binding it firmly against the COMPLETED TIE 

plaster board. The speed at which this can be done permits 
the erection of a large surface in the shortest possible time. 


THE SIMPBEXSSYSTEMiOr 


Wire Pins Hold Plaster Board. The pins used are straight three-inch pieces of number ten wire which will 


lay flat on the plaster board. 


Right angle pins are supplied for corner construction. 


The spring tension of 


the steel hook binds the pins and plaster boards firmly to the studs. 


TYING TOOL 


FOR HOOKING PINS IN PLACE 


1st POSITION, 
INSERT JAW. THRU SLOT 
—< 2 CLAMP JAW OVER STEEL PRONG 


BEND PRONG 
OUT AT RIGHT 


PLACE PIN. 


LOOP PRONG 
AROUND PIN, 
BINDING IT. 
RELEASES PRONG. 


PINS 


“4OWIRE STEEL 


* 


ANGLE PIN FOR 
CORNERS § INTERSECTIONS 


A* FIRM. HORIZONTAL BOND: 
PERwEEN PLASTER BOARDS 


SEPARATOR TIE 


SINGLE 
STUDS FOR PARTITIONS 
REQUIRING’ LARGER THAN 


FOR USE BETWEEN 


3° STUD SEE PAGE Il 


Clips Hold Plaster Board Rigid. Clips are stamped out of 
steel to slip over each end of adjoining plaster boards —over 
the top edge of one section and over the bottom edge of the 
one above it—to hold the two boards 14” apart and thus pro- 
vide a strong horizontal plaster key. These clips are so de- 
signed as. to maintain a perfect alignment of the two adjoining 
boards and prevent any play between them. 


In erecting hollow partitions, clips are used opposite each 
other on each face of the wall, with, if desired, an I shaped 
brace locking them together, giving absolute rigidity to the 
wall. One clip half way between the studs in each horizontal 
joint is sufficient. 


Best for Solid Partitions and Ceilings. The interlocking of 
plaster boards, steel studs and clips gives an exceptionally 
even, firm, and rigid plastering surface. The special design 
of the single stud, with its double-V construction on each edge, 
gives the extra strength and rigidity necessary for correct 
solid partition and ceiling construction. As the pins extend 
but a bare 14” above the plaster boards, and as a strong net 
work of plaster keys is provided, a firm non-cracking plaster 
surface can be applied with a minimum amount of plaster. 


Ideal for Hollow Partitions. The unique design of Simplex 
hollow studs leaves a maximum thickness of dead air space 
between the wall faces for resistance of fire and sound and 
for enclosing pipes, wires, and conduits. Hollow studs are 
made in 114”’ and 3” widths inside measurement for 3’’ and 
454"" finished partitions. Single studs, used with separator 
ties, meet the requirements for walls of greater thickness. 


Adaptable for Every Type of Building. The nature of the 
Simplex System —its effectiveness against fire, sound and 
vermin, its speed of erection and its low cost —makes it the 
logical method for use in the construction of homes, hotels, 
apartment or flat buildings, theatres, stores, office buildings, 
churches and public buildings. 


PARTITION AND CEILING CONSTRUCTION 


Nn 


Dominating Points of Superiority 


ONSIDERED from every view point, the 
Simplex System demonstrates its superiority 


in a way which every architect and contractor will 
appreciate, Its 
principles are fun- 
damentally cor- 
Rect, and provi- 
sions are made for 
overcoming the 
faults and disad- 
vantages of earlier 
methods of fire- 
proof construction. 


Greater Fire 
and Sound-Proof 
Qualities 
Simplex parti- 
tions and ceilings 
are almost solid 
gypsum, proved by 
laboratory tests 
and by actual fires 
to be effective bar- 
riers to both fire 
and sound. Steel is 
the only conductor 
used. Its conduct- 
ivity is minimized, 
however, by the 
individual design 
of the stud with 
the tie and pin pro- 
truding but a small 
fraction of an inch 
above the plaster 
board surface. 
This, and the large 
slots providing for 
plaster keys, keep 
tress tee! stu dis 
insulated by being deeply imbedded in plaster. The 
result is that partitions and ceilings so constructed 
are incombustible and offer great resistance to the 
transmission of sound and fire. 


Hote: SHERMAN. CHICAGO 


Maintains Uniformity of Temperature 


The same qualities of Simplex construction, 
which resist so successfully the transmission of 
fire and sound, also maintain a marked uniformity 
of temperature in the rooms. The very low con- 
ductivity of gypsum plaster board and plaster, 
and the extra thickness of the dead air space in 
the Simplex hollow partitions offer excellent in- 
sulation, and prevent rapid and extreme variations 


of heat and cold. Rooms are cool and pleasant in 
summer and warm in winter, with a marked con- 
servation of heat and saving of fuel. 


Lightest 
Floor Load 


A combination 
of features conspire 
to make Simplex 
Dat ti U1 Onset me 
lightest per unit of 
floor space. First, 
the light weight of 
these" wolaster 
board which takes 
the place of one 
plaster coat is an 
important saving. 
They are radically 
less heavy than 
the materials of 
bulky metal lath 
and channel iron 
construction. An- 
other element giv- 
ing light weight is 
the saving of plas- 
ter made possible 
by the thinness of 
the hooks and pins 
holding the plaster 
board. A _ three- 
eighths inch plaster 
coat will give a 
very satisfactory 
surface. 

Simplex parti- 
tions are, there- 
fore, much lighter 
than any other 
type, and in large 
buildings reduce the floor load and stress through- 
out the entire structure so that lighter supporting 
construction may be figured upon. 


Saves Floor Space 


In erecting large buildings with a high valua- 
tion on floor space, any reduction in the thickness 
of partitions is a very important consideration. 
A 3” Simplex hollow partition possesses the 
strength and the fire resistive and sound-proof 
qualities of a4” or 5” partition of other materials. 
It can readily be seen that in large hotels and office 
buildings, where there are thousands of feet of 
partitions, the saving of floor space accomplished 


Horasirp & RocHe, ARCHITECTS 


Simplea Partitions Used in the Three-Story Top Addition 


Yie SIMPLEX SYSTEM 


THE SIMPLEX SYSTEM OF 


by the use of the thinner partitions, is a very 
essential factor. 


Partitions Strong and Rigid 


Every element in the construction of Simplex 
partitions makes for strength and rigidity. Plaster 
board itself is notably stiff and strong and offers 
a rigid plastering base. Supporting this base is 
a frame-work of unyielding steel studs, constructed 
to give maximum strength, and interlaced with 
cross braces and clips. 

This staunch foundation is welded together 
most securely by the strong tension of the Simplex 
hooks tying the plaster board firmly to the studs, 
and by the many large plaster keys both along the 
studs and horizontally between the plaster boards. 
These special features of the Simplex System not 
only give structural strength and rigidity to the 
entire partition but also prevent the plaster from 
cracking. It must be remembered that this ex- 
ceptional strength is possessed in spite of 
the unusual lightness and thinness of Simplex 
partitions. 


Speed of Erection 


The simplicity of the Simplex System and the 
consideration given construction problems enables 
partitions and ceilings to be erected at remarkable 
speed. The studs can be readily fastened to floors 
and ceilings of any material by various methods 
which will suggest themselves 
to the mechanic. The large, 
clean slabs of plaster board 
are, of course, easy to handle 
and are quickly put in posi- 
tion. 


The chief advantage of the 
system is the method of fast- 
ening the plaster boards by 
hooking a section of the stud 
over the pins with a tying 
tool Any workman can 
fasten these steel ties at high 
speed and erect a partition 
much faster than he could by 
nailing or by wiring. As 
shown on pages 8 and 12, 
grounds are wired or nailed 
flat against the plaster board 
without any delay for notch- 
ing the ground or stud. Fit- 
ting around door bucks, win- 
dow frames and other irregu- 
larities in construction is 
readily accomplished because 


erection, it is well to remember that the plaster 
board serves as one coat of plaster and that there 
is a minimum of material and debris to take up 
space and hamper progress during erection. 


Minimizes Cost of Construction 


Since less metal, less plaster, and less time and 
labor is required for erecting Simplex partitions 
and ceilings than for any other type of construc- 
tion, it is readily seen that the cost of construction 
is also lower than for any other method. In de- 
molishing a structure, Simplex materials are easily 
salvaged and have a comparatively high salvage 
value which may be considered in judging costs. 

The method of manufacturing the steel studs 
and clips —stamping them out on economically 
operated machines —and the use of wire pins in- 
stead of nails, reduces the production cost of 
materials to a low level. The Simplex System of 
partition and ceiling construction occupies the 
unique position of offering the most effective and 
satisfactory results at the lowest cost. 

Another point in this connection is the saving 
in freight and storage charges for Simplex hollow 
partitions. The materials required offer only one- 
fifth of the bulk possessed by materials used with 
some other methods. One carload of Simplex 
hollow studs will put up the same amount of 
partitions as five cars of the more bulky materials, 
accomplishing a saving of four-fifths of the cost for 

freight and storage. 


Broad Field of Use 


These qualities and advan- 
tages of the Simplex System 
are essential in all types of 
construction. They are to be 
considered in planning all 
structures from the small resi- 
dence or store to the mammoth 
hotel or office building. 

The value of fire-proof and 
sound-proof methods is indis- 
putable. Maintaining light 
floor loads, saving floor space 
and still securing strong sub- 
stantial construction are like- 
wise important considerations. 
But to combine all of these 
factors, and to accomplish it 
at a low cost through econ- 
omies of quick erection and 
saving in materials —that is a 
crowning feature. 

It is this combination of 


qualities and advantages which 
marks the Simplex System and 
makes it particularly adapted 
to wide field of uses. 


Epwarpb D. SHANK, 
ARCHITECT 


the plaster boards are easily pereibea ceacr SLE 


cut and shaped. Simplex Partitions and Ceilings Used Throughout 
In considering speed of “———————————— 


Yhe SIMPLEX SYSTEM 


PARTITION AND CEILING CONSTRUCTION 


a) 


General Information Regarding 
Simplex Solid Partitions 


For Details of Construction see Plate on Page 8 


Adaptability 
ME con- 
struction re- 
quirements of 
closets, enclosed 
Sita PW. a¥S5 
sharus -ialse 
beams and col- 
umns, and for 
all non-bearing 
partitions where 
air or enclosing 
Space is mot re- 
quired, are ad- 
mirably met by 
Simplex Solid 
Brant 1 1.0 11'S\. 
Their thinness, 
rigidity, speed 
of erection and 
light weight, 
and their high 
fire and sound- 
resisting qual- 
ities meet every 
requirement. 


Strength of 
Partition 


Such a partition has great strength in spite of 
its thinness. Plaster board itself is very rigid. 
A 12x18 inch section 3%’ thick supported on knife 
edge bearings spaced 16 inches, and loaded on a 
similar bearing midway between the two, will 
sustain a 40 lb. stress across the fibre of the sur- 
facing and 20 lbs. parallel with it. 


THe Trocapero Hote, Detroit 


— 


The character of the plaster board covering is 
such that when plaster is applied it forms a bond 
that fuses the board and plaster into a monolithic 
slab two inches thick. Simplex studs, with “The 


Simplex Partitions and Ceilings Used Throughout 
P g g 


Tie that Binds,” 
the large plaster 
keys, and Sim- 
plex steel clips, 
make an. unsur- 
passed reinforce- 
ment for this 
solid plaster slab 
partition. The 
patented feat- 
ures of the stud 
permitia per 
fectly construct- 
ed wall using, 
if desired, a 34” 
plaster coat on 
one side and 34”’ 
on the other, 
finishing to a 
1144” thickness. 


Light Weight 
of Partition 


The design 
Heol (the # stud, as 
tole such theatrera 

minimum of 

metal is used. 
Plaster board is light, averaging about 1700 Ibs. 
per thousand square feet. The method of pinning 
boards to studs effects economy of plaster. These 
three factors result is a finished partition of mate- 
rially lighter weight than possible to secure with 
any other method. 


Saves Time and Labor 

Every element in Simplex construction has been 
studied and arranged with a view of saving time 
in erection. Special studs are provided to meet 
special conditions. Anchoring to the floor and 


Epwarpb D. SHANK, ARCHITECT 


Section of Simplex Single Stud, One Half Actual Size 


Yhe SIMPLEX SYSTEM 


a 


RRND CEILING Coy, 
ta 
= 3 
y: 
se 


Cae Bes 
JE THAT sO 


. 


THE SIMPLEX SYSTEM OF 


HN SinaLe 1 
51 alate STUD} 


"METHOD. oF FASTENING TO: 
eas Te. ah te 


; PINs. Libchine PLASTER ~ 
Rea ie “ : BOARDS SECURELY IN PLACE |: 
01 3 f AGAINST STUDS BY PRONGS 
PLA TER CARD. 
% % s e i : HOOKED AROUND THEM 


-PLASTER KEYS OFFERED — 
"BY LARGE SLOTS IN STUD _ 


. BETAILS a “OF Bec MNErion 


. mig 


“INTER-SECTING STUD ns iat ye Eye he “A 5 
USED IN ER- H eM d, INGLE § stup * 


Hon PARTI. Perce, coca «| wacormonanmnag| MUN DETAIL OF WINDOW JAMB- 


ae = NO Sn ‘GROUNDS FASTENED BY 
connsn aTup Uso oce rae oe | WIRING: THRU STUDS 


aisieska PAR ON: \ oe - 


S COIS SC SE feat 


PARTITION AND CEILING CONSTRUCTION 


\o 


ceiling is quickly and easily accomplished. 
Plaster boards are clean and convenient to handle 
and can readily be cut to fit around irregularities 
in building formations. But the big time saving 
feature is the Simplex method of pinning the 
plaster boards to the studs. Gypsum plaster can 
be applied on this foundation immediately and will 
dry quickly. 


Low Cost of Erecting 


The various materials used in Simplex System 
construction can be made very economically and 
are sold at a comparatively low price. This, com- 
bined with the saving in time, labor and materials 
effected, makes it a low cost method of building. 


Fire-resistive Qualities 
As the shape of the studs and the method 


PR 


Actual Size Section of Simplex Single Stud With Plaster Boards 
Attached, Showing Slot, Pin, and Method of Fastening 


MaIn STAIRWAY 


Tue Trocapero Hore. Detroir Epwarp D. SHANK, ARCHITECT 


Showing Simplex Ceiling Completed 


of pinning the plaster boards keeps all the steel—the 
only conductor used—deeply imbedded in plaster, a 
Simplex solid partition is fire-resistive to a high 
degree. Gypsum plaster and gypsum plaster board 
are universally recognized as effective fire-proofing 
materials. A 2’ wall of this type construction was 
subjected to a one hour fire test, with an average 
temperature of 1700 degrees Fahrenheit during the 
last half hour. This was followed by a 2% minute 
application of a hose stream from a 1%” nozzle at 
30 Ib. nozzle pressure. At no stage during the 
test did cracks develop in the exposed surface of 
the partition; neither smoke nor flame was per- 
mitted to pass. 


A Simplex Solid Partition adequately meets 
every demand made upon it. 


Specifications for Solid Partitions 


This contractor to erect partitions where shown, by 
the Simplex System, using Simplex solid partition studs 
anchored to floor and ceiling by approved method, and 
properly lined up to insure a straight wall. Studs to be 
placed 24% inches on centers. Corner and intersecting 
wall studs to be used where required. 


After studs have been properly placed, erect 3¢-in. x 
24 in. x 32 in. gypsum plaster boards, securing them to 
studs by means of wire pins 3 inches long, of not less 
than No. 10 gauge thickness. Pins to be held in place 
by prongs, which are integral with the Simplex studs, 
using a Simplex tying tool to hook prongs tightly over 
pins, and securely bind plaster board to studs. Pins to 
be 6 inches apart or less. 


The bottom row of plaster boards to be full size and 
half size, alternated to give broken joints. In the center 
of each horizontal joint between plaster boards, furnish 
and place one clip to separate boards not less than 4- 
inch, which separation and stud slots on vertical joints 
are to be used for plaster keys. 


Apply gypsum plaster to entire surface on both sides 
of partition, applying brown and white coats, white 
coat to be not more than -inch thick. Do not wet or 
sprinkle plaster boards before applying plaster. All 
plaster to be mixed according to manufacturer's speci- 
fications, and to be applied the proper thickness to be 
flush with grounds when completed. All grounds will 
be furnished and set by carpenter contractor. 


ne SIMPLEX SYSTEM 


| 


CAND CEILING Go 
CE BONS 


10 


THE, SIMPLEX SYSTEM OF 


Practical Suggestions for Erection 
of The Simplex System 


S THE workmen become more familiar with 
Simplex materials and methods, they will dis- 
cover many ways of their own for handling the 
details which will speed up the work, save materials, 
and give satisfactory results. 


Tongues to Point Upward 


Studs must be set with the tongues pointing 
upward to permit the tying tool to be inserted in 
the slots so that the tongue may be bent out and 
hooked over the pins. To line up the plaster 
boards correctly and prevent their being placed 
over the slots, an average of two tongues to the 
board should be bent out from the stud as guides. 


Studs Spaced on 241%" Centers 


By erecting the studs on 241%” centers, full 
size plaster boards will fit exactly in place on the 
shoulder of the studs. This eliminates cutting and 
fitting, saves a big waste of materials, and avoids 
much extra and useless work. 


Break Plaster Board Joints 


When applying the plaster boards to the frame- 
work of studs, start each tier of boards at the floor, 
alternating with full and half size pieces. This 
gives a staggard arrangement to the horizontal 
joints of the plaster boards and affords maximum 
strength. If the joints matched and formed a long 
horizontal joint, it would mean a greatly weakened 
partition. 


Splicing for High Partitions 


For partitions over twelve feet high, and for 
ceilings, studs can be overlapped several inches 
and bound together when hooking the plaster 
boards in place. This provides a very strong 
splice, utilizes short lengths of studs, and meets 
special requirements of construction. 


Pin Only Where Necessary 


To insure having ties at essential points, more 
hooks are provided for along the studs than are 
required for binding the plaster boards in place. 
Use those which come near the ends of each section 
of plaster board and every second one in between. 
The others are left in their original position to be 


She SimPLeX SYSTEM 


used if studs are salvaged and re-erected. The used 
hooks can be straightened out and re-used if 
desired. 


Wire Fastenings Made Easy 


The large slots for plaster keys also provide 
apertures through which a mechanic can quickly 
and securely wire his grounds, ceiling hangers, 
corner beading, and other details. The work is 
thus made easier and accomplished more quickly. 


Use Correct Studs 


For solid and hollow partition corners, or in- 
tersections, use the correct studs that are specially 
designed for these purposes. They insure correct, 
Satisfactory construction, save unnecessary waste 
of materials, and are easily and more quickly 
erected. In ordering Simplex materials, contractors 
should check over their plans carefully and specify 
the exact number of corner studs and intersecting 
studs required. 


Enclosing Pipes—Conduits 


The hollow partition studs will enclose conduits 
a trifle larger than the stud measurements. This 
can be done with entire satisfaction as the plaster 
boards can be sprung slightly on each side of the 
partition and plastered over so as not to throw 
the surface out of alignment. Pipes and wires can 
be installed with comparative ease after partitions 
and ceilings are completed where the Simplex 
System is used. When pipes larger than 3 inches 
in diameter are to be enclosed in a partition, use 
two single studs with Separator Ties as explained 
on page eleven. 


Fastening Grounds 


With hollow partitions the grounds may be 
nailed on instead of wired. To nail them, 4-inch 
pieces of lumber the thickness of the stud are 
inserted as cores in the channel of the studs at 
the heights desired. The four inch lengths insure 
matching with a slot opening. Grounds are then 
placed in position and fastened by nailing through 
the slot into the wooden core. 

Another method is for two men working on 
each side of a partition to fasten the grounds by 
nailing through the partition and into the ground 
on the opposite side. 


PARTITION AND CEILING CONSTRUCTION 


Special Data and Scientific Tests for 
Simplex Hollow Partitions 


For Details of Construction see Plate on Page 12 


Adaptability a very material sav- 
HEREVER ing in fuel. 
(e lailial. light- Highly 

weight, non-bearing | Fire-resistive 


partitions are required 
which must conceal 
pipes, wires or con- 
duits, or allow an 
extra thick enclosed 
air space, or which 
will provide greater 
fire and sound-proof 
qualities than a solid 
partition, Simplex 
Hollow Partitions 


RESTAURANT 


A Simplex hollow 
partition is an excep- 
tionally effective bar- 

| rier to fire. It is in 
| reality two separate 
firé walls, Each face 
consists of almost an 
inch of solid gypsum 
without the presence 
of any combustible 


offer exce pt ional THe Trocapero Hote, Detroit Epwarb D. SHANK, ARCHITECT material. A fire test 
advantages. Simplex Ceiling with Furred Beams | for such a _ hollow 

a9 partition, 3’ thick 
Partitions Any with 3%" gypsum 
Thickness plaster boards and a 


Only two sizes are made in regular hollow studs — 
the 114” stud for 3” finished partitions, and the 3’ 
stud for walls to finish 454” thick. Investigation 
has proved that partitions thicker than these can 
be constructed most satisfactorily by using two 
single studs bound and braced with separator ties. 
The plate on page twelve illustrates the details of 
erection. 


Separator ties are strips of sheet steel, made in 
any length, with a shoe bent down on either end 
which fits snugly between the outer flanges of the 
single stud. By bending the flanges in over this 
shoe with pliers the separator tie is locked firmly 
in place. They should be set about every two feet 
along the stud. With this construction, the en- 
closed air space can be made as wide as desired and 
will prove a very effective means of stabilizing 
temperature in adjoining rooms, making them 
cooler in summer, and warmer in winter, with 


¥" coat of gypsum plaster registered the follow- 
ing degrees Fahrenheit: 


Period of Fire Exterior Face Interior Space 
Readings Temperature Temperature Temperature 
0 min. Pilg 74° Talon 
10 min. 152.0% Lae 209° « 
20 min. 1602° 107° De 
30 min. 1610° WS 392° 
40 min. 1704° Lode 616° 
50 min. LA002 ey 824° 
60 min. 1455° WS 869° 


These temperatures unquestionably prove the 
low heat conductivity and the fire-resistive prop- 
erties of the partition. The fire was followed by a 
severe water application, and only five hair cracks 
developed on the exposed surface. At no time during 
the entire test was smoke or fire permitted to pass. 


Section of Simplex Hollow Stud, One Half Actual Size 


he SIMPLEX SYSTEM 
ae SH 
ce 


LOS 
(s 4 
ie ne 
se TIE THAT 50 


KZ 


THE, SIMPLEX. SYSTEM OF 


a SIMPLEX HOLLOW FART TIONS | 
4 ra 


a PLASTER KEYS _ 
a boa | OFFERED BY 
el Head rena clips Si SEPARATING 
By 7 : ARD 
“= METHOD OF FASTENING : 
STUD TO CEILING BY ~ j 
USE OF CEILING PLATE DETAIL OF HOLLOW PARTITION USING ) THRU LARGE SLOTS 
NAILED: TO CEILING, ae SIMPLEX SOLID PARTITION = 
eM preiens ee seh STUD AND SEPARATOR TIE IN STUD 


SIMPLEX 
--HOLLOW STUD 


‘PRONG HOOKED 
OVER PIN 
BINDING 
PLASTER BOARD 
AGAINST STUD. 


2B PLASTERBOARD | 


PLASTERKEY 
STUD SECURED 
BY WIRING THRU 
JUNCTURE OF 
PLASTER BOARDS 
AND SECURED BY Pi 


LE “~~ ELEVATION SHOWING 

CROSS SECTION ~ DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION 

OIMPLEX HOLLOW | Of SIMPLEX HOLLOW SPP 
STUD. : | ~ PARTITIONS. : INTERSECTING me 


PARTITION 


AS 


eae Pe: 
ee 


f4 


: CORNER CONSTRUCTION 
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PARTITION AND CEILING CONSTRUCTION 


13 


Effective Barrier to Sound 


The density and toughness of plaster boards 
give them a low degree of sound conductivity. 
Tests have proved gypsum plaster board and 
plaster partitions with steel studs to be three times 
more sound-proof than a wall of wood lath and 
plaster. It is important to consider that with 
Simplex hollow partitions the transmission of sound 
is resisted by two separate sound deadening walls 
and an enclosed, insulating air space. 


Light Weight of Partition 


This effective fire-resistive and sound-proof 
construction is secured without loading the floor 
with heavy, bulky materials. Comparative weights 
of various types of hollow partitions are shown in 
the following table: 


Thickness Pounds per 

Material Finished Square Foot 
Clay Tile 4x12x12” 514" 32.16 
Clay Tiled) x12 4” 29.12 
Gypsum Block 4x12x30” 534" 18.00 
Gypsum Block 3x12x30” 4Y” 15.00 

Simplex 34” Plasterboards 

114” stud ois 10.50 


As the only additional weight for thicker than 
3’’ Simplex partitions is the extra metal in the stud, 
there is but little variation from the 10.5 pound 
weight given. Although much lighter and thinner 
than the other materials, Simplex partitions afford 
better protection. 


Economies of Small Bulk 


The small bulk of Simplex materials enables 
them to be both shipped and stored on the job in 
only one fifth of the space ordinarily required for 
materials used in some of the other types of hollow 
partitions. This not only means a great saving of 
money in freight and storage rates, but solves the 
problem of finding room on the job to store the 
materials. 


Actual Size Section of Simplex Hollow Stud for 3-inch Par- 
titions, Showing Slots, Method of Fastening Plaster Boards, 
and Air Space Between Faces 


Exclusive Features 


The same characteristics, with attending savings 
in time and materials, and labor costs, as described 
for Simplex solid partitions, holds true generally 
for Simplex hollow partitions. If desired, plaster- 
ing can be finished 3¢"’ thick with absolute satis- 
faction, due to two exclusive features of Simplex 
studs. One feature is “The Tie That Binds” 
which provides many large plaster keys and per- 
mits metal to extend only 1%”’ above the surface 
of the plaster board at points of fastening. The 
other is the fact that these studs are stamped out 
on flat die machines, insuring perfectly flat, true 
studs and eliminating bows in the partition. The 
plastering surface is perfectly flat and may be 
covered level with a minimum of plaster. 


Specifications for Hollow Partitions. 


This contractor to erect hollow partitions where 
shown by the Simplex System, using Simplex hollow 
studs anchored to floor and ceiling by approved method, 
and properly lined up to insure a straight wall. Studs 
to be placed 241% inches on centers. Corner studs to 
be used where required. 

After studs have been properly placed, erect 3% in. x 
24 in. x 32 in. gypsum plaster boards on each side of 
partition, securing them to studs by means of wire pins 
3 inches long, of not less than No. 10 gauge thickness. 
Pins to be held in place by prongs integral with the Sim- 
plex studs, using a Simplex tying tool to hook prongs 
tightly over pins and securely bind plaster boards to 
studs. Pins to be 6 inches apart or less. 

The bottom row of plaster boards matching on oppo- 


site faces to be full and half size, alternated to give broken 
joints. Incenter of each horizontal joint between plaster 
boards, furnish and place one clip to separate boards not 
less than 14 inch, which separation and stud slots on verti- 
cal joints are to be used for plaster keys. Steel cross 
braces to be fastened to matching clips if necessary. 

Apply brown and white coats of gypsum plaster to 
entire surface on both exterior faces of partition: white 
coat to be not more than 1% inch thick. Do not wet or 
sprinkle plaster boards before applying plaster. All 
plaster to be mixed according to manufacturer's specifi- 
cations, and to be applied the proper thickness to be 
flush with grounds when completed. All grounds will 
be furnished and set by carpenter contractor. 


ne SIMPLEX SYSTEM 


THE SIMPLEX SYSTEM OF 


DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION OF 
SIMPLEX SUSPENDED . CHLINGS — 


“SIMPLEX SINGLE STUD 


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WORK OF PLASTER KEYS ALONG STUDS AND BETWEEN PLASTER BOARDS 


 S- HANGER HOOKED THRU F SIMPLEX SINGLE STUDS 
SLOT IN SIMPLEX STUD USED AS CEILING RUNNER 


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DETAIL OF METHOD OF ei oc. Cee ee eee a 
FASTENING STUD TO HANGER “METHOD OF FURRING AROUND 
: - BEAMS OR PIPES IN CEILINGS 


PARTITION AND CEILING CONSTRUCTION 


15 


Simplex Suspended Ceilings 


Rigid Efficient and Economical 


Details of Construction Shown by Plate on Page 14 


HE Simplex System affords an ideal construc- 
tion for suspended ceilings, or for ceilings 
attached directly to the joists. Such ceilings are 
strong, rigid, fire-resistive and sound-proof, and 
may be quickly erected at a very economical cost. 


A Strong Rigid Surface 


As the studs, ties and clips used in this construc- 
tion are strong, and as the plaster board furnishes 
a stiff unpliable core, the ceiling has a level, rigid 
base which will not sag or buckle. When the plaster 
coats are added, the innumerable large keys along 
the studs and transverse joints, and the strong bond 
between the plaster and the boards greatly reinforce 
and strengthen the finished ceiling. A Simplex 
ceiling possesses a degree of strength sufficient to 
support its own weight many times over and sustain 
heavy lighting fixtures with absolute safety. 


Fire and Sound-Proof 


Constructed with the same materials and 
methods as Simplex partitions, Simplex ceilings 
have the same effective fire and sound-proof 
properties. There is nothing inflammable in their 
make up, and the steel stud is deeply embedded in 
gypsum plaster, a known resistant. The details of 
construction prevent the transmission of fire or 
sound over the partitions. 

Announcement was made in Bulletin No. 18 
issued by the Department of Building and Safety 
Engineering, Detroit, that ceilings erected by 
fastening plaster boards to steel runners nailed 
transversely on wood joists are deemed fire-proof 
according to Section 38 of the State Housing Code. 
This announcement is a strong endorsement for 
the Simplex System. When erected in this manner, 
Simplex studs are fastened with 8-penny nails 


with only the narrow edges of the metal in contact 
with the ceiling joist. Plenty of air space is left 
on all sides in which cooling air currents may 
circulate. 


Economical to Construct 


All details of erection make for rapid construc- 
tion, cutting labor costs down to a minimum. 
As the costs of materials are low compared with 
other methods, the Simplex System affords a very 
economical, as well as efficient means of ceiling 
construction. 

Flexibility of Handling 

It is a simple matter to provide for ceilings 
of varying heights as are frequently required. 
Ceilings are suspended before partitions are put in, 
and by adjusting the lengths of hangers, ceilings 
of various heights are accommodated. Partitions 
when put in are run up to whatever heights are 
required. The corner studs are of invaluable assis- 
tance in such construction. 

Furring around beams, ventilating ducts and 
other obstructions can be handled very simply with 
the Simplex System as shown on the opposite page. 
In all these formations, the ease with which plaster 
board can be cut and fitted is of immeasurable 
value and enables work to be done quickly and easily 
which would otherwise be practically impossible or 
very expensive. 


Light Weight of Ceilings 

The combination of light weight metal parts, 
plaster boards, and only two coats of plaster results 
in a strong but light weight ceiling. A Simplex 
ceiling will average about 50% less than metal lath 
construction. 


Specifications for Simplex Ceilings 


This contractor to erect suspended ceilings by the 
Simplex System. Securely anchor to joints, hangers of 
No. 9 wire, length as indicated, and placed 241% inches on 
centers along joists. Form shoe by bending end of hanger 
to a right angle in a direction transverse with joists. 

Suspend Simplex single studs transversely with joists 


by inserting shoe through stud slots and tying in a suit- 
able manner. Corner and intersecting studs to be used 
where required. 

After studs have been properly placed erect 3¢ inch 
x24 inchx32 inch gypsum plaster boards, securing 
them to studs by means of wire pins 3 inches long, or 
with angle pins where required, of not less than No. 10 
gauge thickness. Pins to be held in place by prongs, 


integral with studs, using a Simplex tying tool to hook 
prongs tightly over pins which are to be 6 inches apart 
or less. 

Plaster board courses to be started with full and half 
size pieces alternated to give broken joints. In center 
of each joint between plaster boards, furnish and place 
one clip to separate boards not less than 14 inch, which 
separation and stud slots are to be used for plaster keys. 

Apply brown and white coats of gypsum plaster to 
entire under surface of the ceiling. White coat to be 
not more than 4 inch thick. Do not wet or sprinkle 
plaster boards before applying plaster. All plaster to 
be mixed according to manufacturer's specifications and 
to be applied to be the proper thickness when completed. 


ne SIMPLEX SYSTEM 


16 THE SIMPLEX SYSTEM OF PARTITION AND CEILING CONSTRUCTION 


The Simplex System 


Represents the Most Perfect Type of Construction for Fire and 
Sound-Proof Non-Bearing Partitions and Suspended Ceilings 


HE exceptional efficiency and economy of 

Simplex System construction is thoroughly de- 
monstrated by the outline on the preceding pages 
of the various elements utilized, the principles 
governing their erection, and the advantages they 
offer. 

Every architect, contractor and material dealer 
interested in fire and sound-proof construction, 
will recognize the unique and original features 
which account for the indisputable supremacy of 
non-bearing partitions and suspended ceilings 
erected with the Simplex System. 

A brief summary of these points of advantage 
shows the following ten important features pos- 
sessed in a high degree by this latest perfection in 
steel building methods. 


1. Fuire-Proof 


The entire absence of inflammable or com- 
bustible materials on the one hand, and the pres- 
ence of large amounts of gypsum, a universally- 
recognized, potent resistant to fire, on the other. 
combined with a steel stud that is deeply imbedded 
in plaster results in a highly fire-proof construction. 


2. Sound-Proof 


The same general properties of gypsum plaster 
board and plaster, and the design of the steel studs, 
which make the Simplex System so fire-proof, 
also make it sound-proof and prevent the trans- 
mission of noises from one room to another. 


3. Healthful 


The insulating properties of the materials used 
establish and maintain a uniform temperature con- 
ducive to better health. The smooth, crackless 
surfaces and tight joints or bonds eliminate spaces 
where dust or filth can collect, or where insects or 
vermin may pass. 


4. Thin—Economizes Space 


As demonstrated, Simplex partitions can be 
erected that are as effective as other partitions of 


1” to 21" greater thickness. In large buildings this 
effects a saving of many hundreds of square feet of 
valuable floor space. 


5. Light Weight 


The principles of construction devised and fol- 
lowed utilize lighter weight materials and economize 
on the quantity. The result is a finished partition 
of light weight which, in large buildings, lessens 
the floor loads and stress throughout. 


6. Rigid 

In spite of the many vitally essential character- 
istics and the light weight, Simplex System con- 
struction is exceptionally strong and rigid, due to 


the design of the stud, to “The Tie That Binds,” 
and also to the rigid nature of the materials used. 


7. Economical 


The many features aiding speedy erection at a 
big saving of labor costs, the economies in materials, 
and the moderate cost of the materials used make 
the Simplex a very economical system. 


&. Salvage Value 


The character of the studs and fastenings 
permits the easy salvaging and use for reconstruc- 
tion of Simplex materials. This acts also as a 
reduction in costs. 


9. Encloses 


Pipes, wires and conduits may be enclosed 
satisfactorily with Simplex construction without 
trouble or extra work, giving better construction 
more quickly. 


10. Adaptability 


One of the crowning features of the Simplex 
System is its pronounced fitness for any type of 
building. Its wide range of adaptability makes it 
profitable for dealers to carry as a stock building 
material. 


In planning new buildings remember the fitness and worth of the 


Simplex System for Partitions and Ceilings. 


Special information re- 


garding any job can always be secured by writing to us. Architects 
can secure upon request actual size working drawings of details for 
use as guides in preparing plans. 


Yhe SIMPLEX SysTEM 


PRESS OF J, P. BLACK & CO., CHICAGO 


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NATIONAL STEEL I JOISTS 


Total Safe Load in Pounds Per Square Feet of Floor Area 
For Live Load Deduct Weight of Floor Construction 
Fibre Stress Not Exceeding 16000 Lbs. Per Square Inch 
No Deflections Greater Than 1/360 of the Span 


CLEAR SPAN IN FEET 


CLEAR SPAN IN FEET 


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Weight | 3.7 | 4.3 | 4.9] 5.8] 6.8 7.7 | 8.7 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 12.0 | Weight Weight | 3.7| 4.3 | 4.9] 5.8] 6.8 | 7.7 | 87 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 12.0 | Weight 
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NOTE—The above safe loads assume that the Joists are bridged NOTE—The above safe loads assume that the Joists are bridged 


laterally as in the standard floor construction. 


laterally as in the standard floor construction. 


JOIST SPACED 16” ON CENTERS | JOIST SPACED 24” ON CENTERS 
Size Cd Se 6” Deca 8’ | DFE O24 107-5 | LGAs 12% Size Size 4” mei O ihe SOA Oa O75 Ores) | wnat 47 WAL Size 
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NOTE—The above safe loads assume that the Joists are bridged NOTE—tThe above safe loads assume that the Joists are bridged 


laterally as in the standard floor construction. 


laterally as in the standard floor construction. 


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